The Sociological Reaction to Whitney Houstons Death

The Sociological Reaction to Whitney Houstons Death (Order #A2063824) It was on February 11, 2012 that singer Whitney Houston was found dead in her Beverly Hills hotel room just hours before she was scheduled to attend a party. The 48 year old singers last days were spent surrounded by family, catching up with old friends and doing a bit of what she was best known for: singing. (Whitney Houston Obituary) However, within an hour of the announcement of her death, literally millions of fans from around the world were reacting as if they had lost a very close, personal friend. While the vast majority of the world went about their daily business without effect, some people, who likely never actually met Whitney Houston, were grieving. Ferdinand Tonnies, a 19th century German sociologist, formulated a theory about two types of social relationships which can be loosely translated as community, and society. In the case of Whitney Houstons death, the coroners autopsy report, which would normally only be viewed by a small number of close person al friends within the deceaseds immediate community, has been publicly released and the intimate information contained within it has been exposed to millions of people worldwide. In the 1800s, Ferdinand Tonnies, a leading German sociologist, developed the idea that social relationships fall into one of two categories: community and society. These terms, however, are differentiated by Tonnies by whether or not they have

The Widespread Adoption Of Information Technology Essay

The widespread adoption of information technology (IT) has resulted in significant savings in health care costs as well as improved patient health and safety. Today in healthcare facilities, databases store records that can be accessed from anywhere in the world. This results in better data coordination and management (Banova, 2013). The benefits of increased use of IT continues to grow as leaders in the field of medicine create innovative ways to use IT to improve the business and health care side of medicine. IT has increased the efficiency and decreased the cost of doing business. This leads to dollars and an increase in overall patient quality which is critical with the changes in the reimbursement models from CMS (â€Å"Benefits of Healthcare†, 2015). The city of San Diego as the need and push for IT implementation has grown made a large technology investment and created a health information exchange (HIE). San Diego Health Connect began in efforts to improve healthcare in the San Diego community spearheaded by the University of California. In April 2010, UC San Diego received a grant from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) on behalf of the community. They named this the Beacon community. The HIE is a vast network of healthcare providers and social services (â€Å"San Diego Health Connect†, 2015). The HIE quickly grew membership and the participation of the major health systems in San Diego and members continue to grow today. In earlyShow MoreRelatedWhy Medical Practices Should Be Legal963 Words   |  4 Pagesrestrictions, along with the risk of an unauthorized third parties getting access to patient records are all valid reasons why some medical practices have been reluctant to adopt telehealth use. Patients want to be assured that their protected health information (PHI) is safeguarded with the utmost of care. 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Introduction of Company Free Essays

Introduction of Company De Famous Trading Company is a new establishment and located in Klang, Selangor. Our company was founded in July 2011 and established with a fully computerized inventory system to provide more efficient services to all the valued customers. Strict operation process, careful inspection and high quality service with competitive prices enable us to win the long term business relationships from all customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction of Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our aim is to become a leading supplier of stationery in the international market. We are also working to provide services to companies and be the supplying man power to many renowed universities in Selangor area. We are striving to provide better price and better service to our customers. In terms of nature business, De Famous Trading Company is always stick to the quotes on ‘Going green’ for inspiration and motivation to change. We are one of the companies who supply green stationery and office products. We select products that are environmentally benign or have environmental advantages over the standard stationery equivalents. We have a unique range of products. Many new Green products are showcased by manufacturers in our Green catalogue before they become available to the normal office supply companies. Our company owners have gained experience in both areas before venturing into the business, including relevant areas such as managing and accounting. Our staff are knowledgeable and willing to give you advice on individual products and their wider impacts. There are five of us in the office, and the hours are flexible, so that staff can lead full lives as artists, campaigners, and occasionally normal people. We all get a say in how the company runs, and working life is generally relaxed, and has the tendency to meander into rambling discussions about deep ecology and the meaning of life. All our customers give positive feedback with our goods and serives since our establisment. We offer the best prices and discounts on eco-friendly stationery and do not charge a premium for green items. We are also a mine of information on the green office and we can untangle most of the competing environmental claims made by manufacturers. Green purchasing is an essential element in reducing the huge amount of waste generated by our disposable consumer culture, endemic in most standard offices. We aim to maintain business practices consistent with the goals of sustaining our fragile environment for future generations, within a culture that respects life and honours its interdependence. How to cite Introduction of Company, Papers Introduction of Company Free Essays Introduction of Company De Famous Trading Company is a new establishment and located in Klang, Selangor. Our company was founded in July 2011 and established with a fully computerized inventory system to provide more efficient services to all the valued customers. Strict operation process, careful inspection and high quality service with competitive prices enable us to win the long term business relationships from all customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction of Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our aim is to become a leading supplier of stationery in the international market. We are also working to provide services to companies and be the supplying man power to many renowed universities in Selangor area. We are striving to provide better price and better service to our customers. In terms of nature business, De Famous Trading Company is always stick to the quotes on ‘Going green’ for inspiration and motivation to change. We are one of the companies who supply green stationery and office products. We select products that are environmentally benign or have environmental advantages over the standard stationery equivalents. We have a unique range of products. Many new Green products are showcased by manufacturers in our Green catalogue before they become available to the normal office supply companies. Our company owners have gained experience in both areas before venturing into the business, including relevant areas such as managing and accounting. Our staff are knowledgeable and willing to give you advice on individual products and their wider impacts. There are five of us in the office, and the hours are flexible, so that staff can lead full lives as artists, campaigners, and occasionally normal people. We all get a say in how the company runs, and working life is generally relaxed, and has the tendency to meander into rambling discussions about deep ecology and the meaning of life. All our customers give positive feedback with our goods and serives since our establisment. We offer the best prices and discounts on eco-friendly stationery and do not charge a premium for green items. We are also a mine of information on the green office and we can untangle most of the competing environmental claims made by manufacturers. Green purchasing is an essential element in reducing the huge amount of waste generated by our disposable consumer culture, endemic in most standard offices. We aim to maintain business practices consistent with the goals of sustaining our fragile environment for future generations, within a culture that respects life and honours its interdependence. How to cite Introduction of Company, Essay examples

Block Characteristics and Severity of Hypotension †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Sitting Versus Right Lateral Position During Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: Block Characteristics and Severity of Hypotension. Answer: Introduction: Rationale and Justification One of the common phenomenon encountered in cesarean delivery is hypotension among the expecting mother upon the administration of combined spinal-epiduralanesthesia (CSE) (Oh et al. 2014). Imbalance in maternal blood pressure is associated with poor pregnancy outcome along with the occurrence of the fetal distress and stillbirth (Mercier et al. 2013). The most commonly used process in surgical maternity care or anesthesia is combined spinal-epiduralanesthesia (CSE) in lateral position. However, spinal anesthesia is commonly associated with the maternal hypotension (Wang et al. 2015). However, anesthesia is crucial before the initiation of the cesarean delivery (Simmons et al. 2012). The assignment aims to provide critical analysis of a paper, which is based on the effect of combined spinal-epiduralanesthesia (CSE) on maternal hypotension. The findings of the study will be helpful for the surgical health care professionals towards improving surgical settings in cesesearean delivery. The results will also be helpful for the nurses to provide quality care to their patients and at the same time will be helpful for the doctors to reduce the possible threats coming from the maternal hypotension to the baby and te mother. Search strategy The review of literature was conducted based on the relevant articles, which were selected from the PubMed database electronically. The principal keywords that are used for the search include cesarean delivery AND spinal-epiduralanesthesia (CSE) AND hypotension AND right lateral position AND sitting position AND Other associated keywords include, randomized study AND anesthesia. Only studies, which are designed over the human placebo during the last 20 years, were chosen for the study. According to Parahoo et al. (2006) the selection of the keywords should be based on the topic of the research. The abstracts of the studies selected based on the keyword search were thoroughly studied in order to ascertain the relevancy of the topic. The detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were taken into consideration while studying the abstracts of the research papers, are discussed below. Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Studies carried on human primate Studies carried on non-human primates like mice or rat Studies carried on elective cesarean delivery Studies carried on normal delivery or compulsory cesarean delivery Health women, first time pregnant Women suffering from high or low blood pressure, obesity, blood sugar or diabetes, hypertension or multiple pregnancies The paper was chosen for critique because, numerous techniques, which were used to treat spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension, was found to be ineffective in high risk patients. According to the study carried by Kee et al. (2010) supported that decreased use of the crystalloid prehydration along with ephedrine and increase application of the cohydration colloids, phenylephrine and small spinal disease is found to limit the chance of hypotension. However, Kee et al. (2010) also claimed that further research is required to be undertaken in order to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention among the high-risk patients and demanded novel monitoring techniques for further evaluation. The use of phenylephrine was contradicted in the research carried by George et al. (2010). George et al. (2010), is of the opinion that use of phenylephrine must be restricted among the patients in order to prevent spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension. Therefore, in order to side-pass this contradiction, Coppejans et al. (2006) conducted a research with change in the posture while administration of the combined spinal anesthesia. This research aims to prevent the use of the any other additional drug in order to reduce the rate of hypotension rather employs the change of posture in order to optimized the process. Critique The research conducts a random study over the women with full term gestation and elective cesarean delivery in order to evaluate the quality of the anesthesia and hemodynamics effect in sitting position Vs right lateral position during the process of spinal injection as a part of the spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSE) technique. The title of the study clearly describes the aim of the study and the chosen group over which the study is designed to be conducted. This framing of the title as used in the study of Coppejans et al. (2006) clearly goes with the concept stated in the paper of Parahoo et al. (2006). According to Parahoo et al. (2006), an ideal study title should be framed in such a way that it represents both the target group of the study and its selected aim. The abstract of the study is also concise and to the point. The research question of the study is clearly stated both at the abstract and in the main body of the paper. According to Parahoo et al. (2006), the clarity in the research question makes the study more enriched. According to Suresh and Chandrashekara (2012), determination of the sample size is an important part of the study because it helps to determine the importance of the statistical analysis. The study conducted by Coppejans et al. (2006), selected 60 women who are in their full-term gestation and have chosen cesarean delivery. Out of these, two women were excluded from each group due to technical complications. This clear notification about the number and the nature of the focus group again goes with the concept sated by Parahoo et al. (2006) that determination of the sample size helps in the enhancement of the external accuracy of the experiment while retaining its universality. The study however, failed to clearly state whether the patients blinded or not. According to Parahoo et al. (2006), blinding is an important part of random trial. It is done in order to avoid or to prevent unconscious and conscious bias. In this stidy, the anesthesiologists who were responsible for the further evaluation of the patient following the anesthesia were unaware about the position of the selected placement of the block. The placement of the block was recruited by the colleague who had earlier performed CSE (Coppejans et al. 2006). According to Greenhalgh (2014), this approach provides two different meaning of measuring the outcomes that can subsequently reduce the chance of bias while increase the accuracy of the findings. The exclusion criteria, which were selected while choosing the prospective focus group is clearly stated in the study. The study here excluded women who are suffering from diabetes, preeclampsia, obesity, hypertension and multiple pregnancies. According to Ross (2012), the criteria of inclusion and exclusion must be clearly stated. Greenhalgh (2014) further opined that determination of these guidelines helps to increase the accuracy of the study. The study also followed the proper ethical regulations that are required to carry out randomize control study upon human placebos (Thompson et al. 2006). The study conducted by Coppejans et al. (2006) has initiated the study only after taking approval from the Hospital Ethics Committee along with the written consent from the participating patients. Taking consent thus goes in the favor of the ethical principle of autonomy and informed decision-making (Parahoo 2006). The following research aim goes in the favor of the ethical principle of non-malfeasance which states that the healthcare professionals must not provide ineffective treatment that may harm the patient. Moreover, the study does not disclose the response rate (that is how many patients refused to participate in the research), information in the paper (Parahoo 2006). Both the demographic of the patients who are included under the category of the sitting and the lateral position were kept identical and this gain helps in the improvement of the overall accuracy and validity of the outcomes (Parahoo 2006). Ross (2011) provided further explanation on this ground, accuracy along with dependability of all the tests can be increased through proper handling of the participating individual in an identical manner. This helps in reducing the influence of the confounding variables. Statistical analysis in this paper was done via using unpaired two-tailed Student-t-test and Fishers exact test. Salkind (2016) stated that this process ensures that the data is evaluated in a stringent manner. Ross (2012) further opined that application of more than one tests is useful to perform the comparison while recording the adverse events between the two groups. It is the role of the investigator to highlight the results of the research that are directed towards the research questions (Young and Langford 2013). Coppejans et al. 2006 vividly described their results in text format and then illustrated the same in tabular format. However, the research failed to highlight the results in graphical format to represent the comparison and these where the researcher lacked in his data representation (Young and Langford 2013). Parahoo (2006) emphasized that research authors must be capable of discussing the limitations of their own study. However, the study of Coppejans et al. (2006) failed to highlight their research limitations. One of the major limitations of the study is, it does not give a clear indication of the reason behind the reduced rate of severity of hypotension in sitting position of combined spinal-epiduralanesthesia (CSE). Study of Coppejans et al. (2006) concluded that CSE technique when done for cesarean delivery in sitting position induced less severe hypotension and is easier to perform in comparison to right lateral position. The statement was backed by significant statistical results. P value of 0.05 was taken to be significant. On the basis on this statistical analysis it was found that incidence of hypotension was 11 (40%) among the lateral group patients and 5 (18%) among the sitting group with a statistical value of (P=0.1; statistically insignificant). However, the time from CSE towards first encounter of hypotension between the two groups provided statistically significant results (P=0.002). Physiological Implications Hypotension post anesthesia during the cesarean delivery may impose fatal threats over the expecting mother as it increases the risk of cardiovascular accident with an increase in heart rate. The hemodynamic stability is the best possible outcome in order to fight against the threat of hypertension (Veeser et al. 2012). The CSE when given under sitting position help reduce the threat of hypotension. However, the research carried by Hwang et al. (2012), however, stated a different view. According to them, during the process of spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery, maintenance of the lateral position for about 6 minutes after the process of intrathecal injection done by hyperbaric bupivacaine results in higher and gradual occurrence of the sensory block. Moreover, this is not associated with any significant increase in the incidence of the maternal hypotension (Hwang et al. 2012). According to the Royal College of Anesthetists (2016), team of anesthetists is responsible for ensuring the safety and the patients. This ground of patient safety and comfort also falls under the duty of the team of nurses operating the patient. The results as elucidated by Coppejans et al. (2006) will help the nurse to provide continuous support to the mother during the childbirth via adjusting the posture before anesthesia. This continuous support will come in the form of resting the mother in a comfortable position, reducing the discomfort arising out of hypotension and complication among child after birth. This again goes with the findings of Hodnett et al. (2012) that state that continuous support during labor pain of a woman is essential to provide clinical benefits to the women and infants with no significant harm. The continuous support also comes in the form of pain relief, which is attributed through the sitting posture of the anesthetic therapy. No harm to the child is rep resented via significant Apgar score. Apgar score is a contemporary practice that is used to predict the survival of the infant starting from the neonatal to the postnatal period (Li et al. 2013). Conclusion Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded that combined spinal-epiduralanesthesia (CSE) in a sitting position is helpful in achieving better anesthetic block among the cesarean patients. It has helps to reduce the severity of hypertension. The limited and slower spread of the sensory block is hypothesized to be the reason behind the decreased severity of the hypotension. However, the selection of the process of anesthesia must be based on the preference of choice of patient based on her level of comfort, physical characteristic and on the baricity of the drugs used in the process. Other associated health factors must also be considered before taking the decision in favor of the aesthetic agent. References Checketts, M.R., Alladi, R., Ferguson, K., Gemmell, L., Handy, J.M., Klein, A.A., Love, N.J., Misra, U., Morris, C., Nathanson, M.H. and Rodney, G.E., 2016. Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery 2015: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.Anaesthesia,71(1), pp.85-93. Coppejans, H.C., Hendrickx, E., Goossens, J. and Vercauteren, M.P., 2006. The sitting versus right lateral position during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery: block characteristics and severity of hypotension.Anesthesia Analgesia,102(1), pp.243-247. George, R.B., McKeen, D., Columb, M.O. and Habib, A.S., 2010. Up-down determination of the 90% effective dose of phenylephrine for the treatment of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery.Anesthesia Analgesia,110(1), pp.154-158. Greenhalgh, T., 2014.How to read a paper: The basics of evidence-based medicine. John Wiley Sons. Hodnett, E.D., Gates, S., Hofmeyr, G.J., Sakala, C. and Weston, J., 2012. Continuous support for women during childbirth.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,10. Hwang, J.W., Oh, A.Y., Song, I.A., Na, H.S., Ryu, J.H., Park, H.P., Jeon, Y.T. and Do, S.H., 2012. Influence of a prolonged lateral position on induction of spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial.Minerva anestesiologica,78(6), p.646. Kee, W.D.N., 2010. Prevention of maternal hypotension after regional anaesthesia for caesarean section.Current Opinion in Anesthesiology,23(3), pp.304-309. Langford, R. and Young, A., 2013. Predicting NCLEX-RN success with the HESI Exit Exam: Eighth validity study.Journal of Professional Nursing,29(2), pp.S5-S9. Li, F., Wu, T., Lei, X., Zhang, H., Mao, M. and Zhang, J., 2013. The apgar score and infant mortality.PloS one,8(7), p.e69072. Mercier, F.J., Aug, M., Hoffmann, C., Fischer, C. and Le Gouez, A., 2013. Maternal hypotension during spinal anesthesia for caesarean delivery.Minerva Anestesiol,79(1), pp.62-73. Oh, A.Y., Hwang, J.W., Song, I.A., Kim, M.H., Ryu, J.H., Park, H.P., Jeon, Y.T. and Do, S.H., 2014. Influence of the timing of administration of crystalloid on maternal hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: preload versus coload.BMC anesthesiology,14(1), p.36. Parahoo, K. 2006. Nursing research : principles, process and issues. London: Palgrave Macmillan Ross, T., 2012.A survival guide for health research methods. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Salkind, N.J., 2016.Statistics for people who (think they) hate statistics. Sage Publications. Simmons, S.W., Taghizadeh, N., Dennis, A.T., Hughes, D. and Cyna, A.M., 2012. Combined spinal?epidural versus epidural analgesia in labour.The Cochrane Library. Suresh, K.P. and Chandrashekara, S., 2012. Sample size estimation and power analysis for clinical research studies.Journal of human reproductive sciences,5(1), p.7. Thompson, I. E. et al. 2006. Nursing Ethics. 5th ed. Edinburgh ; New York: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Veeser, M., Hofmann, T., Roth, R., Klhr, S., Rossaint, R. and Heesen, M., 2012. Vasopressors for the management of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for elective caesarean section. Systematic review and cumulative meta?analysis.Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica,56(7), pp.810-816. Wang, X., Xu, J.M., Zhou, F., He, L., Cui, Y.L. and Li, Z.J., 2015. Maternal position and development of hypotension in patients undergoing cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine.Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research,21, p.52.